ST. PAUL — Minnesota lawmakers learned Tuesday they will head into the 2023 legislative session with a massive $17.6 billion projected budget surplus, and Gov. Tim Walz said he would like to return some of that money to taxpayers with rebate checks.

“The golden opportunity that we have to make Minnesota an even better and fairer and more inclusive and more prosperous state is there,” Walz said after the state budget agency released the new forecast. “And the opportunity to work together in the legislative bodies to make that happen is there.”

However, some southwest Minnesota officials expressed a different opinion on how the state should handle the surplus.

“There has to be some sort of tax reform,” Marshall Area Chamber of Commerce President Brad Gruhot said.

“It says that we are overtaxing our citizens,” State Sen. Gary Dahms, R-Redwood Falls, said Tuesday. “It’s just not fair to the taxpayers.”

Dahms said legislative priorities for the upcoming session are still not fully set, but it seemed likely that there would be two views on the budget surplus. One side would likely want tax reforms, and the other would be interested in spending the surplus, he said.

“Common sense says we should be reforming our tax structure,” Dahms said.

In a Tuesday news release, Minnesota Chamber of Commerce President and CEO Doug Loon also called for tax reforms.

“This budget surplus isn’t just historically high. Today’s announced surplus is 90% higher than the previous record-high set just last year. While lawmakers approach session flush with cash, employers, employees and families face high costs and economic uncertainty for the future,” Loon said. “Legislators have an obligation to act responsibly on behalf of our economy and our people. After nine consecutive years of budget surpluses, Minnesota should join other states in meaningful tax reforms to encourage investment and create opportunity for our state,” Loon said.

Walz gave reporters few specifics on how he will propose to use the surplus in the budget that he plans to unveil Jan. 24 for the two fiscal years starting July 1. He acknowledged his idea earlier this year for income tax rebates of $1,000 for individuals and $2,000 for joint filers got a lukewarm reception from even his fellow Democrats. But he said it could be a “starting point” for negotiations anyway. The governor also indicated he might support an easing of the state’s partial income tax on Social Security benefits but said eliminating it for the wealthiest Minnesotans is off the table.

Leaders of the new Democratic majority in both houses of the Legislature were noncommittal on rebates but were short on details about how they would like to use the surplus. Republicans, whose influence will be limited now that they have lost control of the Senate, called for tax cuts.

Other priorities for his next budget, Walz said, will include more resources for education; expanding affordable child care; helping families cope with high food and gas prices; and leveraging federal money to modernizing Minnesota’s infrastructure, including roads, bridges, transit and electric vehicle charging stations.

“Now is the time to lower costs for families,” Walz said. “Now is the time to reduce and get some money back in their pockets. Now is the time to make sure that those classrooms are funded with the things that they need to do to make our kids the best-qualified workforce in the world.”

Most of the surplus is about $12 billion in one-time money that will be sitting in the bank for the next budget. It results from stronger-than-expected tax revenues and lower spending. The projection factors in the forecast by the state’s economic consulting firm of a “mild recession” from now through mid-2023.

The agency’s previous forecast was for a record $12.1 billion surplus, including about $7 billion that the 2022 Legislature was unable to agree on how to spend because of partisan stalemates.

Budget Commissioner Jim Showalter said the surplus would look smaller if state law allowed him to factor inflation into projected spending. That quirk in state law isn’t usually a big deal when inflation is low, he said, but it has become more important now that inflation is high. Spending projected for the upcoming budget would be about $1.55 billion higher if inflationary cost pressures were included, he said.

Control of the Legislature was split between the Senate Republican and House Democratic majorities for the last four years. But Democrats flipped the Senate in the November election and will take full control of state government for the first time in eight years when the 2023 Legislature convenes on Jan. 3.

Democratic leaders welcomed the opportunities that the enormous surplus will give them.

“The era of gridlock is over,” said incoming House Majority Leader Jamie Long, of Minneapolis. “And we have a trifecta now that the voters have delivered. We have the ability, I think, to move big things. And we’re going to be really focused on what can help Minnesotans afford their lives when we know that many are still struggling.”

Incoming Senate Majority Leader Kari Dziedzic, of Minneapolis, said she has “deep concerns” about the total elimination of Social Security taxes — which had been a Republican priority — because it would cost the state about $500 million per year.

The magnitude of the $17.6 billion surplus is “a little jaw-dropping,” said incoming GOP House Minority Leader Lisa Demuth, of Cold Spring.

“We know that Minnesotans are being overtaxed,” Demuth said. “Money that could be kept within Minnesotan families to help with high grocery prices and with high energy bills — that money needs to go back to Minnesotans.”